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一种新型太阳能电池

据应用物理学快报(Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 3932 Link) 报道,日本科学家研究出了第一个既可以把太阳能转化为电能又可以储存所得到电能的太阳能电池。来自横滨Toin大学的研究人员Tsutomu Miyasaka和Takurou Murakami设计的这种“光-电容器”(photocapacitor)可以用来给移动电话和其他便携设备供电。

通常的太阳能电池需要有一个诸如电池这样的储存光能所转化的电能的部件。而新设计的这种光-电容器把光电转化和存储功能整合到了一起。

这种电池包括两个电极:一个用半导体二氧化钛做成的吸收光电极和镀铂的玻璃做成的反向电极,两个电极中间用一层树脂薄膜隔开。两个电极都有一个具有大的表 面积的活性碳多孔层。所有这三层都充满离子溶液成为一个电容器,这个电容器有一个0.64平方厘米大小的光接收面(见图)。

在光照的条件下,二氧化钛层表面的光接收器:光敏染料分子(dye molecules)吸收光子,电子被激发从光敏染料分子转移到二氧化钛的导带产生电流。接着,电子通过外部回路转移到反向电极的活性碳层。

与此相反,带正电荷的空穴转移到光电极的活性碳层。正负电荷在不同碳层的聚集使器件可以像电容器一样储存电荷和能量。能量可以简单地通过器件放电释放出来。

“在利用弱的光线方面,这种光-电容器的效率是普通太阳能电池的两倍,”Miyasaka 对物理网(PhysicsWeb)这样说,“这意味着可以利用非直接的太阳光(indirect sunlight),例如在阴天和雨天的时候,甚至是室内光线。并且,可以在任何时候释放出电能,甚至在黑暗中也是如此。”

Miyasaka 说他们下一步的目标是提高充电电压和充放电能力达到实际应用和工业应用的水平。(李清旭 译自physicsweb, 2004年11月16日)

原文A new type of solar cell

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